Arduino is an open hardware platform, based on a microcontroller board and a development environment designed to facilitate the use of electronics in three projects multidisciplinares.2
The hardware consists of a plate with an Atmel AVR microcontroller and input / salida.4 Most microcontrollers are used Atmega168, Atmega328, Atmega1280, ATmega8 for its simplicity and low cost that enable the development of multiple designs. On the other hand consists of a software development environment that implements the language programaciónProcessing / Wiring and the boot loader that is executed on the plate.
use arduino for Arduino is a platform and open source hardware, ie you can access all aspects of the circuital and algorithmic running boards, and much better than that, you get all the Eagle, diagrams files and components to yourself think your version of Arduino. For marketing purposes, and characteristics of the Open Source Initiative Organization (ISO) is prohibited from using the company name Arduino boards for independent licenses, so it is important to separate the cards from other companies or clones (Freeduino, Protoduino, Crowdino) illegal fakes that have the company name. It's Easy to program
Some say that to program Arduino is not necessary to know anything about electronics, and partly it is true that Arduino offers a integrated development environment (IDE) with preset functions reduce logic to read inputs, timing and outputs and intuitive semantics. So what makes it a perfect tool for the beginner in the world of electronics and then try more difficult things.
The Arduino development environment is
To program the board is necessary downloaded from the website of Arduino development environment (IDE). It has versions for Windows and MAC as well as the sources for compilation into LINUX. Figure 2 shows the appearance of the displayed programming environment. In the case of having a USB board is necessary to install the FTDI drivers. These drivers are included in the Arduino package mentioned above. There are web versions for different operating systems.
Some arduino boards are
official badges
Among the official plates you can find many models. All specially designed for a purpose compatible with the official shields and modules, as well as IDE Arduino. We will try to detail its main features to differentiate between:
• Arduino UNO (buy at our store) is the most widespread platform and the first to hit the market, so we can base on this to make the comparison with other plates. All features of this board will be implemented in almost all the remaining plates, except for some we'll see. It is based on Atmel 8-bit ATmega320 running at 16Mhz 5v. Are relevant to 32KB flash memory (0,5KB reserved for the bootloader), 2KB SRAM and 1KB EEPROM. As far as memory is one of the most limited plates, but not insufficient for almost all the projects around the network. The outputs can operate at higher voltages between 6 and 20v but a working voltage between 7 and 12V is recommended. It contains 14 digital pins, 6 of which can be used as PWM. As for analog pins it has up to 6 These pins can work with currents up to 40mA.
• Zero Arduino (buy on eBay) is similar in appearance to Arduino UNO, but this board hides surprises regarding ONE platform. Instead microcontroller architecture based on Atmel AVR ATmega 8-bit, the Zero contains a powerful Atmel MCU SAMD21 a 48Mhz ARM Cortex M0 core 32-bit. With 256 KB of flash memory, 32 KB of SRAM and EEPROM emulation 16KB over. The voltage at which it operates is 3v3 / 5v (7 mA) and contains 14 pin digital I / S, of which 12 are PWM and UART. In analog terrain are 6 tickets for a 12-bit ADC channel and an analog output for 10-bit DAC. In short, this board is intended for which Arduino UNO falls short and they need more processing power.
• Arduino Yun (buy at Amazon) is based on microcontroller ATmega32u4 and Atheros AR9331 chip in (which controls the USB host, the micro-SD port and Ethernet / WiFi network), both by bridge. The processor supports Atheros based Linux distribution called OpenWrt OpenWrt-Yun. This is similar to Arduino UNO but with native capabilities for Ethernet, WiFi, USB and micro-SD connection without having to add or buy shields apart. Contains 20 digital pin 7 can be used in PWM mode and 12 as analog. The ATmega32u4 16Mhz microcontroller operates at 5V and has a memory of only 32KB (4KB reserved for the bootloader) SRAM and 1KB only 2,5KB EEPROM. As we see, in this sense falls short. However, it is complemented by the AR9331 400Mhz MIPS based and working 3v3. This chip also contains DDR2 RAM 16MB flash and 64MB for embedded Linux system.
• Arduino Leonardo (buy on Amazon) is a board based on a low-power microcontroller ATmega32u4 and working at 16Mhz. Flash memory has a capacity of 32KB (4KB for the bootloader) and 2.5KB SRAM. The 1KB EEPROM is also very similar to Arduino UNO regarding storage capacities. A voltage level address and is equal to ONE. But this microcontroller can handle 20 digital pins (7 of them can be handled as PWM), 12 analog pins. As we see, contains the same pins that Yun, one that dispenses with network functionality. The volume occupied by Leonardo is lower than UNO, since no inserts pins and instead has perforations connecting pads on the board itself. Also the dimensions of the USB connector on the board is much smaller, because instead of a USB connection uses a mini-USB to save space. So it is ideal for projects where you need to save some space, but all the same price as ONE.
• Arduino Due (buy on Amazon) is a plate with a microcontorlador Ateml SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit. This chip operates at 84Mhz (3.3v) provides power far superior to previous microcontrollers viewed calculation. So it is ideal for those who need a project with high throughput. By having a 32-bit core to allow operations with 4 data bytes in a single clock cycle. In addition, the SRAM is 96KB, superior to all other plates seen above and incorporates a DMA controller to direct memory access that enhances access to memory that the CPU can do. For storage available flash 512KB, a very large amount of memory for the program code. As for support voltages currents is identical to ONE, only amperage pin extends to 130-800mA (for 3v3 and 5v respectively). The system has 54-pin digital I / S, 12 of which can be used as PWM. It also has 12 analog, 4 UARTs (serial, compared to two of UNO), USB OTG connection capabilities two connections DAC (digital to analog conversion), 2 TWI, a power jack, SPI and JTAG. As we see in terms of interface wiring is very comprehensive and allows many possibilities.
• Arduino Mega (buy on Amazon): its name comes from the microcontroller that handles an ATmega2560. This chip operates at 16Mhz and with a voltage of 5v. Its capabilities are superior to the Arduino UNO ATmega320, though not as superior as ARM-based solutions. This 8-bit microcontroller works with 8KB SRAM, 4KB and 256KB of flash EEPROM (8KB for the bootloader). As you can see, the powers of this board resemble Due, but based architecture instead of ARM AVR. Regarding electronic properties is quite similar to the above, especially at UNO. But as you can see at a glance, the number of pins is like the Arduino Due: 54 digital pins (PWM 15 of them) and 16 analog pins. This board is ideal for those who need more pins and power that brings UNO, but the necessary performance does not need to go to ARM-based.
